Common Dental Problems in Dogs

Dogs can have dental problems just like we do, but what are the most common? Here, our Brookhaven vets offer advice on some common dental problems in dogs and how you can help.

About Some Common Dental Problems

Many different dental issues can cause problems for your dog. These dental problems left untreated can negatively affect your dog's overall health and well-being. It is very important to maintain a good oral care routine for your pet. Brushing your dog's teeth at home, providing dental treats, and bringing your dog in for dental cleanings are a few things to think about for your routine.

There are some common signs and symptoms to look out for when taking care of your pet's teeth at home which include foul-smelling breath, bleeding gums and teeth, drooling excessively, and refusal to eat.

Here are a few of the most common dental problems in dogs:

Plaque & Tartar Buildup

Just like humans, dogs will accumulate plaque and tartar buildup over time, especially without regular cleanings. Plaque is a whitish substance made up primarily of bacteria, that if left on the tooth, will harden and turn a more yellowish color (also called calculus). Tartar will remain stuck to the tooth until it is scraped off with an object such as those used by a veterinarian.

Plaque and tartar buildup are the main causes of gum disease in dogs as well as tooth loss. The most common signs for a dog owner to look out for are gingivitis (very red and swollen gum line), discolored deposits on the teeth, and increasingly bad breath. As the dental disease gets worse, dogs may experience the even worse breath as well as bleeding of the gums.

Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease refers to the deterioration of the gum and bone that surround the tooth. This most commonly occurs when untreated plaque and tartar stick to the tooth and make their way beneath the gum line. 

This disease starts in the form of gingivitis and develops into periodontal disease as the gum and bone around the tooth deteriorate. As this occurs, pockets around the tooth can develop, allowing food and bacteria to collect below the tooth. If left unattended, dangerous infections can arise and the teeth will begin to fall out.

Common symptoms of canine periodontitis include:

If you notice any of these symptoms present in your dog, please contact a veterinarian.

Tooth Fractures

With all of the chewing that dogs do whether they are eating or playing, it is not surprising that tooth fractures are a very common occurrence. Even everyday items that dogs use can cause teeth fractures such as bones or hard plastic used to make toys.

Dog chew toys should be small enough that the dog doesn't have to entirely open its mouth, but large enough that there won't be a concern of accidentally swallowing or choking on the toy.

Oral Infections

An oral infection is an outcome of a pocket (usually around the root of the tooth) that has been filled with bacteria. Infections are primarily caused by periodontitis but can also be initiated due to trauma-induced chewing on hard or sharp objects. Some infections can be fatal as the bacteria makes its way to the bloodstream and cause organ disease/failure in the heart, liver, kidneys, or brain.

Prevention Of Common Dental Problems

Creating a dental care routine for your dog is a great way to maintain oral hygiene and prevent oral issues.

Introducing food or water additives is an easy way to improve and maintain the health and strength of their teeth and bones. Adjusting your dog's diet can also increase oral hygiene, even with small exchanges like providing dental chews instead of less healthy treats.

Brushing your dog's teeth regularly is an ideal tactic for dog owners to use. Although it is not very realistic, brushing their teeth every day would be best if your dog will tolerate the process.

Be sure to bring your dog in for an oral hygiene cleaning and examination at least once every year. Some smaller breeds of dogs should go two or more times a year due to their teeth' shallow roots.